Substantive Justice and Economic Inequality: The Case of Housing Subsidies in Brazil
Justicia Sustantiva y Desigualdad Económica: El Caso de los Subsidios a la Vivienda en Brasil
Keywords:
substantive justice, housing subsidies, economic inequality, Brazil, urban policyAbstract
This article examines the role of housing subsidies in Brazil as a tool for achieving substantive justice in the context of persistent economic inequality. Focusing on the "Minha Casa, Minha Vida" program, it critically assesses how public housing policies have contributed to reducing social exclusion and ensuring effective access to the right to adequate housing. Using statistical data, government reports, and case studies, the paper identifies a central paradox: although subsidies have expanded formal housing access, they have often reproduced patterns of urban segregation, territorial exclusion, and housing precarity. The article argues that for such policies to truly promote substantive justice, they must go beyond material access and incorporate criteria of equity, community participation, and sustainability. It concludes with recommendations for redesigning housing programs under a human rights and social justice approach, as part of a broader agenda of urban reform.
Este artículo examina el papel de los subsidios a la vivienda en Brasil como instrumento para la realización de la justicia sustantiva en un contexto de desigualdad económica persistente. A través de un análisis crítico del programa "Minha Casa, Minha Vida", se evalúa en qué medida las políticas públicas de vivienda han contribuido a reducir la exclusión social y garantizar el acceso efectivo al derecho a una vivienda digna. Mediante el uso de datos estadísticos, informes gubernamentales y estudios de caso, se identifica una paradoja central: aunque los subsidios han permitido ampliar el acceso formal a la vivienda, frecuentemente han reproducido patrones de segregación urbana, exclusión territorial y precariedad habitacional. Se sostiene que, para que estas políticas realmente promuevan justicia sustantiva, deben ir más allá del acceso material y contemplar criterios de equidad, participación comunitaria y sostenibilidad. El artículo concluye con recomendaciones para rediseñar los programas habitacionales bajo un enfoque de derechos humanos y justicia social, en el marco de una reforma urbana más profunda.
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